References

http://www.humanbecoming.org/rosemarie-rizzo-parse.php

Tomey, A.M (2002). Nursing Theorists and Their Work 5^Th Edition.

Parse, R. R. (2003). Community: A human becoming perspective.

Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Parse, R. R. (2004). A human becoming teaching-learning model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17, 33-35.

Parse, R. R. (2007). The humanbecoming school of thought in 2050. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20, 308-311.

Parse, R. R. (2008a). The humanbecoming leading-following model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 21, 369-375.

Parse, R. R. (2008b). A humanbecoming mentoring model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 21, 195-198.

Parse, R. R. (2009). The humanbecoming family model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 22, 305-309.

Parse, R. R. (2010). Human dignity: A humanbecoming ethical phenomenon. Nursing Science Quarterly, 23, 257-262.

Parse, R. R. (2014). The humanbecoming paradigm: A transformational worldview. Pittsburgh, PA: Discovery International Publications.

Group F

Members:

(not yet complete) (alphabetically arranged)

Nicolas Kathleen Keith

Olaso Maria Belen

Olinares Dianne

Opeña Rubymelle

Orapa Frederick

Ortiola Lalaine April

Padiernos Dancel

Padilla Aileen

Padua Joi-Anne

Palma Marriam

Palomeno Maria Cecilia

Palotes Maria Rena

Palti Rashida

Panagsagan Kendy

Pandita Mohaima

Panganiban-Noel Arabelle

Paredes Reinson Mark

Paris Odyssey

Penacerrada Aissah

Pili Cherryl

Pulpulaan Riza Rosarito

Querimit Geraldine

Quiroz Marzel Adrianne Olivia

Ramirez Paula Bianca

Ratag Yasmine

Relationship of Principles,Concepts and Theoretical Structures

1. STRUCTURING MEANING MULTIDIMENSIONALLY IS COCREATING REALITY THROUGH THE LANGUAGING OF VALUING & IMAGING

Many universes exist for a person at any time. Reality is the harmony between these universes reached through a person’s choice. Personal reality includes all that a person is and will become. Constructing reality is giving meaning to unique experience. Structuring meaning is done through imaging, valuing and languaging.

Imaging 

• An individual's view of reality.
• "Shaping of personal knowledge explicitly-tacitly"
• An infertile couple believes there are many children in need of loving homes and plan to adopt.

Valuing 

• "Confirming-not confirming of cherished beliefs in light of a personal worldview
• An older woman begins to exercise and watch her diet as she is concerned about her health.

Languaging 

• It relates to how human beings symbolize and express their imaged realities and their value priorities.
• A man diagnosed with terminal cancer finds the words and the strength to talk to his family about it.

2. COCREATING RHYTHMICAL PATTERNS OF RELATING IS LIVING THE PARADOXICAL UNITY OF REVEALING-CONCEALING & ENABLING-LIMITING WHILE CONNECTING-SEPARATING.

 The human & the universe, including the people in one’s life are cocreating a rhythmical pattern of energies. As people grow they form and simultaneously break bonds with different elements. Other persons and element in the universe are moving towards & away from each other, revealing aspects of them while concealing others in their continuous interrelationship.

Revealing-Concealing 

• Disclosing-not disclosing all-at-once.
• A pregnant youth must reveal her secret to her parents.

Enabling-Limiting 

• Represents the freedoms and opportunities that surface with the restrictions and obstacles of everyday living.
• A patient chooses to refuse a treatment.

3. COTRANSCENDING WITH THE POSSIBLES IS POWERING UNIQUE WAYS OF ORIGINATING IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMING

Going beyond the actual in interrelationship with others. Another person may help you grow beyond perceived limits even though the person must do the moving their self. The energy for moving on is called powering.

Powering 

• Conveys the meaning about struggle and life and the will to go on despite hardship and threat.
• Parents learn to be strong and move on with life after losing their youngest child in an accident.

Originating 

• Concept about human uniqueness.
• A woman raises money for breast cancer research to honour her grandmother.

Transforming 

• It is about change and the shifting views that people have about their lives.
• An elderly man finally accepts outside help as he is no longer able to care for his wife

Major Assumptions

NINE ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE HUMAN BEINGS AND HUMAN BECOMING

1. The human is coexisting while coconstituting rhythmical patterns with the universe. – Individuals take an active party in creating their own patterns and reality.

2. The human is open, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions. – Human beings make choices on how to act and react. They are responsible for the outcome of these choices.

3. The human is unitary, continuously coconstituting patterns of relating. – People are more than a sum of their parts. One can be distighished from another by patterns of appearance, mannerisms, voice and other characteristics.

4. The human is transcending multidimensionally with the possibles – The human is capable of changing and growing beyond their limitations.

5. Becoming is an open process, experienced by the human. – Becoming is continous growth towards more diversity & complexity. Growing includes choosing who one will be in a given situation.

6. Becoming is a rhythmically coconstituting human-universe process – Health & becoming are intertwined. The elements of our environment in which we connect and separate from, change us. With these elements we coconsitute.

7. Becoming is the human’s patterns of relating value priorities. – Health is living the ideals chosen by the individual.

8. Becoming is an intersubjective process of transcending with the possibles – Health is reaching beyond the actual to the possible through subject to subject interchange. This interchange can occur through two persons or with another element of the environment.

9. Becoming is human unfolding – We are continuously changing, never to return to our previous state

NINE MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS SUMMARIZED

• Human becoming is freely choosing personal meaning in situation in the intersubjective process of living value priorities

• Human becoming is cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating in mutual process with the universe

• Human becoming is cotranscending multidimensionally with emerging possibles

Person, Health, Environment and Nursing

The Human Becoming as it relates to:

• Client/Person
• Health
• Environment
• Nursing

Person

“Open being who is more than and different from the sum of parts.” (Masters, 2012, p. 269)

Health

• Health is defined as “a way of being in the world”.  (McEwen & Wills, 2011, p. 195)
•  Open process of being and becoming. Involves synthesis of values.

Environment

• Environment and the person are inseparable.
•  Environment is seen as the entire universe. Parse considered the “human-universe process as mutual, not cause and effect” (Libster, 2008, p. 169)

Nursing

• A human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people.
• Nursing’s role is to guide individuals and families to “uncover meaning and plan for changes in health using their own definitions of health”(Martsolf & Mickley, 1998, p. 299).

Theory Development

Evolution of the Humanbecoming Paradigm

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse presents an alternative to both the conventional bio-medical and the bio-psycho-social-spiritual approaches presented in other theories of nursing. Parse first published her theory in 1981 as the "Man-living-health." The name was officially changed to "the humanbecoming theory" in 1992 to remove the term "man," after the change in the dictionary definition of the word from its former meaning of "humankind." The humanbecoming theory was developed as a human science theoretical perspective and evolved into a school of thought (Parse, 1998) in the tradition of Dilthey, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, and Gadamer. In 2014, Parse published “The Humanbecoming Paradigm: A Transformational Worldview.” The assumptions underpinning the humanbecoming paradigm specify fundamental beliefs about humanuniverse, the ethos of humanbecoming, and living quality. The theory of humanbecoming is structured around three abiding themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.

The first theme, MEANING, is expressed in the first principle of humanbecoming, which states that "Structuring meaning is the imaging and valuing of languaging" (Parse, 2014, p. 37). This principle means that people coparticipate in creating what is real for them as shown in their expressions of living their values in a chosen way.

The second theme, RHYTHMICITY, is expressed in the second principle of humanbecoming, which states that "Configuring rhythmical patterns is the revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting of connecting-separating" (Parse, 2014, p. 43). This principle means that living paradox encompasses apparent opposite experiences that coexist in rhythmical patterns. It means that in living moment-to-moment one shows and does not show opportunities and limitations that emerge in moving with and apart from others.

The third theme, TRANSCENDENCE, is expressed in the third principle of humanbecoming, which states that "Cotranscending with possibles is the powering and originating of transforming" (Parse, 2014, p. 47). This principle means that moving with now moments is living the becoming visible-invisible becoming with the ambiguity of the continuous change of the emerging now.

The themes and principles of humanbecoming are permeated by four postulates: illimitability, paradox, freedom, and mystery (Parse, 2007, 2014). ILLIMITABILITY is "the indivisible unbounded knowing extended to infinity, the all-at-once remembering and prospecting with the emerging now" (Parse, 2014, p. 36). PARADOX is "an intricate rhythm expressed as a pattern preference" (Parse, 2014, p. 36). Paradoxes are not "opposites to be reconciled or dilemmas to be overcome but, rather, liv[ing] rhythms" (Parse, 2007, p. 309). FREEDOM is "contextually construed liberation" (Parse, 2014, p. 36). Humans are free and continuously choose ways of becoming with their situations. MYSTERY "is the unexplainable, that which cannot be completely known unequivocally" (Parse, 2014, p. 36). It is the inconceivable, unutterable, unknowable nature of the indivisible, unpredictable, everchanging humanuniverse (Parse, 2007, 2008).

Nurses and other health professional live the art of humanbecoming in true presence with the unfolding of illuminating meaning, shifting rhythms, and inspiring transcending (Parse, 2014, p. 92). Sciencing the art sheds light on the meaning of universal living experiences such as hope, taking life day-by-day, grieving, suffering, and courage. Dr. Parse has also set forth humanbecoming ethical tenets of human dignity (Parse, 2010, 2014) and developed community (Parse, 2003, 2014), leading-following (Parse, 2008a, 2014), teaching-learning (Parse, 2004, 2014), mentoring (Parse, 2008b, 2014), and family models (Parse, 2009, 2014) that are used worldwide.

Credentials and Background of the Theorist

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse is currently a professor and Niehoff Chair at the Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago. She is founder and editor of Nursing Science Quarterly, president of Discovery International Incorporated, which sponsors international nursing theory conferences, and founder of the Institute of Human Becoming, where she teaches the ontological epistemological and methodological aspects of the human becoming school of thought.

Dr. Parse is a graduate of Duquesne University in Pittsburgh and received her master's and doctorate from the University of Pittsburgh. She was a member of the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh, Dean of the Nursing School at Duquesne University, Professor and Coordinator of the Center for Nursing Research at Hunter College of the City University of New York (1983-1993), and Professor and Niehoff Chair at Loyola University Chicago (1993-2006). Since January 2007 she has been a Consultant and Visiting Scholar at the New York University College of Nursing. Dr. Parse is founder and current Editor of Nursing Science Quarterly, and President of Discovery International, Inc. She is also founder of the Institute of Humanbecoming.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse is an articulate, courageous, and vibrant leader with a strong vision and a deliberate determination to advance the discipline of nursing. She is well-known internationally for her humanbecoming school of thought a nursing perspective that focuses on quality of life and human dignity from the perspective of patients, families, and communities. Dr. Parse is an inspirational mentor whose diligent loving presence, consistent and willing availability, and respectful and gentle urgings have helped many seasoned and budding nurse scholars to pursue their dreams. Those who have had the honor of working with her, as students and colleagues are honored to know and to have been mentored by this truly outstanding nurse leader.

Introduction

• The Parse theory of human becoming guides nurses In their practice to focus on quality of life as it is described and lived (Karen & Melnechenko, 1995).

• The human becoming theory of nursing presents an alternative to both the conventional bio-medical approach and the bio-psycho-social-spiritual (but still normative) approach of most other theories of nursing.(ICPS)

• The human becoming theory posits quality of life from each person's own perspective as the goal of nursing practice.(ICPS)

• Rosemarie Rizzo Parse first published the theory in 1981 as the "Man-living-health" theory (ICPS)

• The name was officially changed to "the human becoming theory" in 1992 to remove the term "man," after the change in the dictionary definition of the word from its former meaning of "humankind."